Learn

References

Citation and attribution are the highest forms of gratitude. Every source this site cites, 191 in all, in APA 7: in the glossary and on our pages, with a link back to each place that cites it.

  1. Abiteboul, S., André, B., & Kaplan, D. (2015). Managing your digital life. Communications of the ACM, 58(5), 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1145/2670528

    Cited in: What is a personal data store? · Personal Information Management System

  2. Ahrens, S. (2022). How to take smart notes: One simple technique to boost writing, learning and thinking (2nd ed.). Sönke Ahrens.

    Cited in: The 5Cs of Knowledge Management™

  3. Alessi, M., Camillò, A., Giangreco, E., Matera, M., Pino, S., & Storelli, D. (2019). A decentralized personal data store based on Ethereum: Towards GDPR compliance. Journal of Communications Software and Systems, 15. https://doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v15i2.696

    Cited in: Personal Data Store

  4. Allen, C. (2016, April 26). The path to self-sovereign identity. Life With Alacrity. https://www.lifewithalacrity.com/article/the-path-to-self-soverereign-identity/

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem

  5. Allen, C., Brock, A., Buterin, I., Callas, J., Dorje, D., Lundkvist, C., Kravchenko, P., Nelson, J., Reed, D., Sabadello, M., Slepak, G., Thorp, N., & T Wood, H. (2016). Decentralized public key infrastructure. GitHub. https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot1- sf/blob/master/draft-documents/Decentralized-Public-Key-Infrastructure-CURRENT.md

    Cited in: Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure

  6. Anciaux, N., Bonnet, P., Bouganim, L., Nguyen, B., Pucheral, P., Sandu Popa, I., & Scerri, G. (2019). Personal data management systems: The security and functionality standpoint. Information Systems, 80, 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2018.09.002

    Cited in: Personal Cloud

  7. Aperjis, C., Huberman, B. (2012, April 26). A market for unbiased private data: Paying individuals according to their privacy attitudes. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2046861

    Cited in: Unbiased Private Data

  8. Atsign. (2021). The atPlatform white paper [White paper]. https://atsign.com/resources/white- papers/the-platform-white-paper/

    Cited in: @Sign

  9. Atsign. (2024). Digital public infrastructure powered by networking 2.0. https://atsign.com/resources/articles/digital-public-infrastructure-powered-by- networking-2-0

    Cited in: Digital Public Infrastructure

  10. Attoresi, M., & Moraes, T. (2021, January 6). TechDispatch #3/2020 – Personal information management systems. European Union, European Data Protection Supervisor. https://www.edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our- work/publications/techdispatch/techdispatch-32020-personal-information

    Cited in: Personal Information Management System

  11. Auer, S., Bizer, C., Kobilarov, G., Lehmann, J., Cyganiak, R., Ives, Z. (2007). DBpedia: A nucleus for a web of open data. In: Aberer, K., et al. The Semantic Web. ISWC ASWC 2007 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4825. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76298-0_52

    Cited in: Open Data

  12. Balkin, J. (2016). Information fiduciaries and the first amendment. UC Davis Law Review, 49(4), 1185–1221. https://lawreview.law.ucdavis.edu/archives/49/4

    Cited in: Information Fiduciaries

  13. Becker, M. J. (2024). Predicting personal information management systems use [Doctoral dissertation, Golden Gate University]. SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4879650

    Cited in: Personal Data Lockbox

  14. Bernemann, J., & Kneuper, R. (2023). Personal information management systems nach TTDSG. [Personal information management systems according to the German Telecommunications Telemedia Privacy Act]. HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, 60, 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-023-00946-4

    Cited in: Recognized consent management services

  15. Berners-Lee, T. (2009, June 18). Linked data. Worldwide Web Consortium. https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

    Cited in: Linked Data

  16. Berners-Lee, T., Connolly, D., Stein, L. A., & Swick, R. (2000, August 15). The semantic web. World Wide Web Consortium. https://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/0906-xmlweb- tbl/text.htm

    Cited in: Semantic Web

  17. Borgne, M. L. (2018, May 28). In a phygital world. Awabot. https://awabot.com/en/in-a- phygital-world

    Cited in: Phygital

  18. Brand, S. (Ed.). (1984). Keep designing. The Whole Earth Review, 44–55. https://www.tech- insider.org/personal-computers/research/acrobat/8505-a.pdf

    Cited in: Information almost wants to be free, but it also wants to be expensive

  19. Buchner, D. (2019, July 23). Rhythm and melody: How hubs and agents rock together. Decentralized Identity Foundation. https://medium.com/decentralized-identity/rhythm- and-melody-how-hubs-and-agents-rock-together-ac2dd6bf8cf4

    Cited in: Decentralized Web Node

  20. Buchner, D. (Ed.). (2024). Decentralized web node companion guide. Decentralized Identity Foundation. https://identity.foundation/decentralized-web-node/guide/v0.0.1

    Cited in: Decentralized Web Node

  21. Burton, C. (2013, June 5). Life management platforms evolution [Keynote address]. European Identity & Cloud Conference 2013. Munich, Germany. KuppingerCole. https://www.kuppingercole.com/watch/eic13_keynote_burton

    Cited in: Life management platform

  22. Bush, V. (1945). As we may think. The Atlantic Monthly, 176(1), 101-108. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/

    Cited in: MEMEX Machine

  23. Buttarelli, G. (2016a, September). EDPS opinion on personal information management systems [Opinion paper]. European Union, European Data Protection Supervisor. https://www.edps.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publication/16-10- 20_pims_opinion_en.pdf

    Cited in: Personal Information Management System

  24. Buttarelli, G. (2016b, October 20). Executive summary of the opinion of the European Data Protection Supervisor on personal information management systems. Official Journal of the European Union. https://www.edps.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publication/17-01- 11_pims_ex_summ_en_0.pdf

    Cited in: Personal Information Management System

  25. Cameron, K. (2005, May 11). The laws of identity. Identity Blog. http://www.identityblog.com/stories/2005/05/13/TheLawsOfIdentity.pdf

    Cited in: The Laws of Identity

  26. Cameron, K. (2007, February 17). HelloWorld information cards. Kim Cameron’s Identity Weblog. https://www.identityblog.com/?p=684

    Cited in: Information Cards

  27. Cameron, K., & Jones, M. B. (2017, May). Design rationale behind the identity metasystem architecture. Microsoft. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp- content/uploads/2017/05/Identity_Metasystem_Design_Rationale.pdf

    Cited in: Identity Metasystem

  28. Cavoukian, A. (2008, December 18). Privacy in the clouds. Identity in the Information Society 1, 89–108. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12394-008-0005-z

    Cited in: Privacy by Design

  29. Cavoukian, A. (2009, August). Privacy by design, The 7 foundational principles. Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. https://privacy.ucsc.edu/resources/privacy-by-design-- -foundational-principles.pdf

    Cited in: Privacy by Design

  30. Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation. (2021, July 22). Unlocking the value of data: Exploring the role of data intermediaries. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/unlocking-the-value-of-data-exploring-the- role-of-data-intermediaries Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation & Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. (2022, June 22). Polling data on public attitudes towards smart data schemes [Policy paper]. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/polling-data-on-public- attitudes-towards-smart-data-schemes

    Cited in: Data Custodian · Data Exchange

  31. Crabtree, A., Lodge, T., Colley, J., Greenhalgh, C., Glover, K., Haddadi, H., Amar, Y., Mortier, R., Li, Q., Moore, J., Wang, L., Yadav, P., Zhao, J., Brown, A., Urquhart, L., & McAuley, D. (2018). Building accountability into the Internet of Things: The IoT databox model. Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments, 4(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40860-018-0054-5

    Cited in: Personal Data Store

  32. Crabtree, A., Lodge, T., Colley, J., Greenhalgh, C., Mortier, R., & Haddadi, H. (2016). Enabling the new economic actor: data protection, the digital economy, and the databox. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 20(6), 947–957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-016-0939-3

    Cited in: Databox · Personal Data Store

  33. Ctrl-Shift. (2014, October 20). How ‘privacy’ misses the point. https://web.archive.org/web/20220704064747/https://www.ctrl- shift.co.uk/news/general/2014/10/20/why-privacy-doesnt-matter

    Cited in: Personal Information Management Service

  34. Cáceres, R., Cox, L., Lim, H., Shakimov, A., & Varshavsky, A. (2009). Virtual individual servers as privacy-preserving proxies for mobile devices. Proceedings of the 1st ACM

    Cited in: Virtual Individual Server

  35. Dataswyft. (2021, December 2). Sharing & verifying digital credentials through data passporting. https://www.dataswyft.io/news/verifying-digital-credentials-data- passporting

    Cited in: Data Passport

  36. Dataswyft. (2022, March 14). Create personal data accounts for your users in less than 5 minutes [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zniJ1PrcTyc

    Cited in: Personal Data Account · Personal Data Store

  37. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. (2020, September). Terms of reference for the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy to establish a cross- sector Smart Data working group. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/smart-data-working-group.

    Cited in: Smart Data

  38. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, & Davey, E. (2011, November 3). The midata vision of consumer empowerment [Press release]. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-midata-vision-of-consumer-empowerment

    Cited in: midata

  39. Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport, & Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (2023, July 20). UK digital identity and attributes trust framework–beta version (0.3) [Policy paper]. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-digital-identity-and-attributes-trust- framework-beta-version/uk-digital-identity-and-attributes-trust-framework-beta-version

    Cited in: Trust Framework

  40. Dittrich, J.-P. (2006). iMeMex: A platform for personal dataspace management [Position paper]. Proceedings of the 2nd NSF [Swiss National Science Foundation] sponsored workshop on PIM, ACM SIGIR 2006. https://bigdata.uni-saarland.de/publications/Dit06.pdf

    Cited in: iMeMex

  41. Dong, X., & Halevy, A. (2005). A platform for personal information management and integration. Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Platform-for-Personal-Information- Management-and-Dong-Halevy/65a563c2db5b647a6198ef0cebb961e4dcc51ff9

    Cited in: Semex System

  42. Dumais, S., Cutrell, E., Cadiz, J., Jancke, G., Sarin, R., & Robbins, D. C. (2003). Stuff I’ve seen: A system for personal information retrieval and re-use. Proceedings of the 26th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1145/860435.860451

    Cited in: Stuff I've seen

  43. Eclipse Foundation. (2008, April 15). Eclipse Higgins. https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/technology.higgins

    Cited in: Personal Data Store

  44. Efraimidis, P. S., Drosatos, G., Nalbadis, F., & Tasidou, A. (2008). Towards privacy in personal data management. 2008 Panhellenic Conference on Informatics, IEEE, 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/PCI.2008.11

    Cited in: Polis

  45. European Commission. (2020, July 31). Data sharing in the EU – Common European data spaces (new rules). https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your- say/initiatives/12491-Data-sharing-in-the-EU-common-European-data-spaces-new-rules- _en

    Cited in: Personal Data Spaces

  46. European Data Protection Supervisor. (2016). Opinion 9/2016 on personal information management systems.

    Cited in: What is a personal data store?

  47. European Parliament & Council of the European Union. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation). Official Journal of the European Union, L 119, 1–88. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem

  48. Fallatah, K. U., Barhamgi, M., & Perera, C. (2023). Personal data stores (PDS): A review. Sensors, 23(3), 1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031477

    Cited in: Personal Data Store

  49. Flanagan, A. J. (2022). Advancing digital agency: The power of data intermediaries. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/reports/advancing-digital-agency-the- power-of-data-intermediaries

    Cited in: Digital Fiduciary · Non-Profit Data Intermediaries · Private For-Profit Data Intermediaries · Public Data Intermediaries

  50. Gans, J. (2015, October 25). “Information wants to be free”: The history of that quote. Digitopoly. https://digitopoly.org/2015/10/25/information-wants-to-be-free-the-history- of-that-quote

    Cited in: Information almost wants to be free, but it also wants to be expensive

  51. Geambasu, R., Cheung, C., Moshchuk, A., Gribble, S. D., & Levy, H. M. (2008). Organizing and sharing distributed personal web-service data. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web, 755–764. https://doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367599

    Cited in: Distributed personal web-service

  52. Gemmell, J., Bell, G., & Lueder, R. (2006). MyLifeBits: A personal database for everything. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 49(1), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1145/1107458.1107460 Getty Images (1984, November 1). Stewart Brand states information wants to be [Video]. https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/video/at-the-first-hackers-conference-in-1984-steve- wozniak-and-news-footage/146496695

    Cited in: Lifebits · Personal Database

  53. Goldwasser, S., Micali, S., & Rackoff, C. (1985). The knowledge complexity of interactive proof-systems. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (pp. 291–304). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/22145.22178

    Cited in: Distrust and Verify · Zero-Knowledge Proof

  54. Gropper, A. (2023, November 5). Personal digital agent protocol (pdap). [Hot RFC Lightning Talks (hotRFC)]. Internet Engineering Task Force. https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/118/materials/slides-118-hotrfc-sessa-10-personal- digital-agent-protocol-01

    Cited in: Personal Digital Agent Protocol

  55. Grossman, R. L., Heath, A., Murphy, M., Patterson, M., & Wells, W. (2016). A case for data commons. Computing in Science & Engineering, 18(5), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2016.92

    Cited in: Data Commons

  56. Gurrin, C., Smeaton, A., & Doherty, A. (2014). LifeLogging: Personal big data. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1561/1500000033

    Cited in: Lifelogging · Personal Big Data

  57. Haddadi, H., Howard, H., Chaudhry, A., Crowcroft, J., Madhavapeddy, A., & Mortier, R. (2015). Personal data: Thinking inside the box. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1501.04737

    Cited in: Databox

  58. Hafen, E. (2019). Personal data cooperatives – A new data governance framework for data donations and precision health. In J. Krutzinna & L. Floridi (Eds.), The ethics of medical data donation (pp. 141–149). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04363-6_9

    Cited in: Data Cooperative · Personal Data Co-Operatives

  59. Hagel, J., & Rayport, J. (1997, January–February). The coming battle for customer information. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1997/01/the-coming-battle-for-customer- information

    Cited in: Infomediaries

  60. Hagel, J., & Singer, M. (1999, March-April). Unbundling the corporation. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1999/03/unbundling-the-corporation

    Cited in: Infomediaries

  61. Hamilton-Duffy, K., Grant, R., & Gropper, A. (2021). Use cases and requirements for decentralized identifiers. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). https://www.w3.org/TR/did-use-cases

    Cited in: Decentralized Identifier

  62. Hardinges, J. (2018, October 1). Defining a ‘data trust.’ Open Data Institute. https://theodi.org/article/defining-a-data-trust

    Cited in: Data Trusts

  63. Hardjono, T., Deegan, P., & Clippinger, J. H. (2014). On the design of trustworthy compute frameworks for self-organizing digital institutions. In G. Meiselwitz (Ed.), Social Computing and Social Media (pp. 342–353). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 319-07632-4_33

    Cited in: Trusted Compute Cells

  64. Hartman, T., Kennedy, H., Steedman, R., & Jones, R. (2020). Public perceptions of good data management: Findings from a UK-based survey. Big Data & Society, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720935616

    Cited in: Data ID Card · Independent Data Stewardship

  65. Hayes-Roth, F. (2004). Personal portal and secure information exchange (U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2004/0267707 A1). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20040267707A1/en

    Cited in: What is a personal data store? · Personal Data Lockbox

  66. Hemmi, J. (2019, May 9). Japan’s ‘information banks’ to let users cash in on personal data. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-trends/Japan-s-information- banks-to-let-users-cash-in-on-personal-data

    Cited in: Information Bank

  67. Hess, C., & Ostrom, E. (Eds.). (2006). Understanding knowledge as a commons: From theory to practice. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6980.001.0001

    Cited in: Data Commons

  68. Hoefmans, M.-J., Hansen-Staszyński, O., & Hageman, B. (2022). The what & the how of personal data management [Position paper]. Schluss. https://schluss.org/wp- content/uploads/2022/12/What-does-it-mean-users-in-full-control-over-their-data- CONCEPT.pdf

    Cited in: Personal Data Vault

  69. Huseby, D. (2021, February 21). The authentic data economy. Medium. https://dwhuseby.medium.com/the-authentic-data-economy-9802da67e1fa

    Cited in: Authentic Data · Authentic Data Economy

  70. IEEE. (2025). IEEE 7012-2025: Standard for machine readable personal privacy terms. IEEE.

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem

  71. Jones, A. (2023, September 25). Web5: A fresh blueprint for app development. TBD. https://developer.tbd.website/blog/why-would-companies-embrace-web5

    Cited in: Web 5

  72. Jordan, K., Hauser, J., & Foster, S. (2003). The augmented social network: Building identity and trust into the next-generation Internet. First Monday, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v8i8.1068

    Cited in: Augmented Social Network

  73. Juniper Research. (2016). Understanding the personal data economy | The emergence of a new data value-exchange [White paper]. Mobile Ecosystem Forum. https://mobileecosystemforum.com/personal-data-economy-whitepaper

    Cited in: Personal Data Economy

  74. Katifori, V., Poggi, A., Scannapieco, M., Catarci, T., & Ioannidis, Y. (2005). OntoPIM: How to rely on a personal ontology for personal information management. Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on semantic desktop workshop: Next generation information management D collaboration infrastructure, 175, 258–262. https://ceur- ws.org/Vol-175/25_poggi_ontopim_poster.pdf

    Cited in: OntoPIM

  75. Kelly, K. (2007a, October 5). What is the quantified self? Quantified Self. https://web.archive.org/web/20130125202220/http://quantifiedself.com/2007/10/what-is- the-quantifiable-self

    Cited in: Quantified Self

  76. Kelly, K. (2007b, October 8). Healthvault, Phase 1. Quantified Self. https://web.archive.org/web/20121101074750/http://quantifiedself.com/2007/10/healthva ult-phase-1

    Cited in: Healthvault

  77. Kinateder, M., & Pearson, S. (2003). A privacy-enhanced peer-to-peer reputation system. In K.

    Cited in: Privacy Preserving Reputation Management

  78. Kindervag, J. (Producer). (2010). No more chewy centers: Introducing the zero trust model of information security [Webinar]. Forrester. https://www.forrester.com/webinar/No%2BMore%2BChewy%2BCenters%2BThe%2BZ eroTrust%2BModel%2BOf%2BInformation%2BSecurity/WEB6741

    Cited in: Distrust and Verify · Zero Trust

  79. Kuneva, M. (2009, March 31). Meglena Kuneva – European Consumer Commissioner – Keynote speech – Roundtable on online data collection, targeting, and profiling. [Speech transcript]. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_09_156

    Cited in: The new oil

  80. Kuppinger, M. (2012, March). Life management platforms: Control and privacy for personal data [Advisory note]. KuppingerCole. https://decentralized- id.com/_posts/history/70608PersonalDataLifeManagementPlatforms.pdf

    Cited in: Life management platform

  81. Kuzev, P., & Hall, I. (2023). EU regulation, Brazil’s open health, and the India stack: A common platform approach to integrated digital public infrastructure [Policy brief]. Observer Research Foundation. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/3867657/eu- regulation-brazils-open-health-and-the-india-stack/4673915

    Cited in: Digital Public Infrastructure

  82. Ladley, J. (2019). Data governance: How to design, deploy, and sustain an effective data governance program (2nd ed.). Academic Press.

    Cited in: Data governance

  83. Landsman, D., Young, K., Reed, D., & Hodder, M. (2010). Personal data ecosystem collaborative consortium: Catalyzing systems that work for all [Unpublished manuscript]. Personal Data Ecosystem Consortium.

    Cited in: Personal Data Ecosystem

  84. Langford, J., Poikola, A., Janssen, W., Lähteenoja, V., & Rikken, M. (2020). Understanding MyData operators. MyData Global. https://mydata.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Understanding-Mydata-Operators-pages.pdf

    Cited in: My Data Operator

  85. Lanier, J., & Weyl, E. G. (2018, September 26). A blueprint for a better digital society. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/09/a-blueprint-for-a-better-digital-society

    Cited in: Mediators of Individual Data

  86. Laudon, K. (1997, January). Extensions to the theory of markets and privacy: Mechanics of pricing information [Working paper]. NYU Working Paper No. 2451/14166, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1283008

    Cited in: National Information Exchange Marketplace

  87. Lehtiniemi, T., & Kortesniemi, Y. (2017). Can the obstacles to privacy self-management be overcome? Exploring the consent intermediary approach. Big Data & Society, 4(2), 2053951717721935. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951717721935

    Cited in: Consent intermediaries

  88. Lemoie, K. (2021). Determinants of behavioral intention to use a self-sovereign identity digital wallet: Extending the UTAUT with trustworthiness (Publication No. 28716913) [Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate University]. ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/openview/31100c6b38df3ef649156d35d0296db4/1

    Cited in: Digital Wallet

  89. Lenin, V. I. (1972). Adventurism (B. Isaacs & J. Fineberg, Trans.). In Collected works (Vol. 20, pp. 356–359). Progress Publishers. https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/jun/09.htm (Original work published 1914)

    Cited in: Trust, but Verify

  90. Li, I., Dey, A. K., & Forlizzi, J. (2011). Understanding my data, myself: Supporting self- reflection with ubicomp technologies. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1145/2030112.2030166

    Cited in: Ubiquitous computing (Ubicomp) tools

  91. Linstedt, D. (2002, July 1). Data vault series 1 – Data vault overview. The Data Administration Newsletter. https://tdan.com/data-vault-series-1-data-vault-overview/5054

    Cited in: Data Vault

  92. Loffreto, D. (2012, February 15). What is “sovereign source authority”? The Moxy Tongue. https://www.moxytongue.com/2012/02/what-is-sovereign-source-authority.html

    Cited in: Self-Sovereign Identity

  93. Loffreto, D. (2016, May 24). ID2020: United Nations exploring self-sovereign ID. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/id2020-united-nations-exploring-self-sovereign-id- devon-mt-loffreto

    Cited in: Self-Sovereign Identity

  94. Loohuis, K. (2020, November 26). Data safes will give users control over their data. ComputerWeekly.Com. https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252492752/Data-safes- will-give-users-control-over-their-data

    Cited in: Data Safe

  95. Lynch, M. P. (2016). The internet of us: knowing more and understanding less in the age of big data. Liveright.

    Cited in: The Internet of Us

  96. Ma, L., Liu, X., Pei, Q., & Xiang, Y. (2019). Privacy-preserving reputation management for edge computing enhanced mobile crowdsensing. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, 12(5), 786–799. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSC.2018.2825986

    Cited in: Privacy Preserving Reputation Management

  97. Mansour, E., Sambra, A. V., Hawke, S., Zereba, M., Capadisli, S., Ghanem, A., Aboulnaga, A., & Berners-Lee, T. (2016). A demonstration of the Solid platform for social web applications. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web (pp. 223–226). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2872518.2890529

    Cited in: What is a personal data store?

  98. Mariani, M. M., Ek Styven, M., & Teulon, F. (2021). Explaining the intention to use digital personal data stores: An empirical study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, Article 120657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120657

    Cited in: Digital Personal Data Stores

  99. Marketwired. (2012, November 13). Connect.Me and miiCard deliver first verified social reputation card [Press release]. Yahoo Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/connect- miicard-deliver-first-verified-130600246.html

    Cited in: Verified Social Reputation

  100. Markoff, J. (2006, November 12). Entrepreneurs see a web guided by common sense. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/12/business/12web.html

    Cited in: Web 3.0

  101. Massie, S. (2013). Trust but verify: Reagan, Russia and me. Maine Authors Publishing.

    Cited in: Trust, but Verify

  102. Matzner, T., Masur, P. K., Ochs, C., & von Pape, T. (2016). Do-it-yourself data protection — empowerment or burden? In S. Gutwirth, R. Leenes, & P. De Hert (Eds.), Data protection on the move |Current developments in ICT and privacy/data protection (pp. 277–305). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7376-8_11

    Cited in: Do-it-yourself-data protection

  103. McKean, J. S. (2014). Customer’s new voice: Extreme relevancy and experience through volunteered customer information. John Wiley & Sons.

    Cited in: Customer Information Industry

  104. Mediahuis. (2022, October 17). DPG Media, Mediahuis, NPO, RTL Nederland en Talpa Network gaan samenwerken in onderzoek naar Nederlandse Datakluis [DPG Media, Mediahuis, NPO, RTL Nederland and Talpa Network to collaborate on research into Dutch data vaults]. https://www.mediahuis.nl/samenwerking-persoonlijke-datakluis

    Cited in: Data Safe

  105. Microsoft. (n.d.). Personal Vault: Store Sensitive Files – Microsoft OneDrive: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/onedrive/personal-vault

    Cited in: Personal Vault

  106. Mills, S. (2019). Who owns the future? Data trusts, data commons, and the future of data ownership [Working draft]. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3437936

    Cited in: Data Trusts

  107. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan. (2022, June 05). As a result of the call for public comments on the “Guidelines for Certification of Information Trust Functions Ver. 2.2 (draft).” [Press release]. https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2022/06/20220630006/20220630006.html

    Cited in: Information Bank

  108. Mitchell, A. (2001). Right Side Up: Building brands in the age of the organized consumer. HarperCollins.

    Cited in: Right Side Up

  109. Mitchell, A. (2024, March 13). What is a personal data store? Medium. https://medium.com/mydex/what-is-a-personal-data-store-a583f7ef9be3

    Cited in: Personal Data eXchange

  110. Mitchell, A., & Henderson, I. (2005). Opinion piece: The next big thing? Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 7(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.dddmp.4340501

    Cited in: Personal Knowledge Bank

  111. Mitchell, A., Henderson, I., & Searls, D. (2008). Reinventing direct marketing — With VRM inside. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 10(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2008.24

    Cited in: Vendor Relationship Management Tool

  112. Moiso, C., Antonelli, F., & Vescovi, M. (2012). How do I manage my personal data? A telco perspective. Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Technologies and Applications DATA,1, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.5220/0003996301230128

    Cited in: My Data Store · Privacy-Preserving Technologies

  113. Montjoye, Y.-A. de, Shmueli, E., Wang, S. S., & Pentland, A. S. (2014). openPDS: Protecting the privacy of metadata through SafeAnswers. PLOS ONE, 9(7), Article e98790. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098790

    Cited in: What is a personal data store? · Personal Data Store · Privacy-Preserving Technologies · SafeAnswers

  114. Mortier, R., Greenhalgh, C., McAuley, D., Spence, A., Madhavapeddy, A., Crowcroft, J., & Hand, S. (2010, October 1). The personal container, or your life in bits. Digital Futures, 10, 11–12. https://mort.io/publications/pdf/de10-perscon.pdf

    Cited in: Personal Container

  115. Mun, M. Y., Kim, D. H., Shilton, K., Estrin, D., Hansen, M., & Govindan, R. (2014). PDVLoc: A personal data vault for controlled location data sharing. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 10(4), 1–29, Article 58. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2523820

    Cited in: Personal Data Vault

  116. Mun, M., Hao, S., Mishra, N., Shilton, K., Burke, J., Estrin, D., Hansen, M., & Govindan, R. (2010). Personal data vaults: A locus of control for personal data streams. Co-NEXT ’10: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference, 1–12, Article 17. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1921168.1921191

    Cited in: What is a personal data store? · Personal Data Store · Personal Data Vault · Privacy-Preserving Technologies

  117. Mun, M., Hao, S., Mishra, N., Shilton, K., Burke, J., Estrin, D., Hansen, M., & Govindan, R. (2010). Personal data vaults: A locus of control for personal data streams. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT '10). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1921168.1921191

    Cited in: Personal Data Lockbox

  118. MyData Global. (2026). MyData Declaration 2.0. https://mydata.org/declaration/

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem

  119. Mydex CIC. (2010). The case for personal information empowerment: The rise of the personal data store [White paper]. https://mydex.org/resources/papers/The_case_for_personal_information_empowerment/the_case_for_personal_information_empowerment_-_the_rise_of_the_personal_data_store_-_a_mydex_white_paper_september_2010_final_web.pdf

    Cited in: What is a personal data store? · Personal Data Lockbox

  120. Mydex Community Interest Company. (2010). The case for personal information empowerment: The rise of the personal data store. https://mydex.org/resources/papers/The_case_for_personal_information_empowerment/t he_case_for_personal_information_empowerment_- _the_rise_of_the_personal_data_store_- _a_mydex_white_paper_september_2010_final_web.pdf

    Cited in: Personal Data Store

  121. Neyens, D. M., & Childers, A. K. (2017). Determining barriers and facilitators associated with willingness to use a personal health information management system to support worksite wellness programs. American Journal of Health Promotion, 31(4), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.140514-QUAN-204

    Cited in: Personal health information management system (PHIMS)

  122. Ng, I. (2018). The market for person-controlled personal data with the Hub-of-all-Things (HAT) [Working paper]. Warwick Manufacturing Group. https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101708/

    Cited in: Person-controlled personal data

  123. Ng, I. C. L., Scharf, K. A. & Maull, R. (2014, June 16–19). The market for contextual offerings: the multi-sided market platform of the hub-of-all-things (HAT) [Paper presentation]. 4th forum on markets and marketing, Karlstad University, Sweden. https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/70317/

    Cited in: Hub-of-all-things

  124. NHS. (2024, January). Profile information management system (PIMS). NHS Digital. United Kingdom. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/keeping-data-safe-and-benefitting- the-public/gdpr/gdpr-register/profile-information-management-system-pims

    Cited in: Profile Information Management System

  125. Novell. (1999, October 5). Novell debuts new digitalme ‘in-the-net’ service [Press release]. https://www.novell.com/news/press/archive/1999/10/pr99123.html

    Cited in: DigitalMe · meBusiness

  126. Nuggets. (n.d.). Self-sovereign data storage. https://nuggets.life/self-sovereign-data-storage.html

    Cited in: Self-Sovereign Data Storage

  127. OECD. (2021). Recommendation of the Council on enhancing access to and sharing of data (OECD/LEGAL/0463). https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0463

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem

  128. Open Source Initiative. (2007, March 22). The open source definition (Version 1.9). https://opensource.org/osd

    Cited in: Open source

  129. Orwell, G. (1949). Nineteen eighty-four. Secker & Warburg.

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem

  130. Owano, N. (2013, October 7). openPDS software focuses on control of personal data. Phys.org. http://phys.org/news/2013-10-openpds-software-focuses-personal.html

    Cited in: Personal Data Store

  131. OwnYourData. (2019). Semantic container for data mobility [Video]. YouTube. https://www.ownyourdata.eu/en/semcon/

    Cited in: Semantic Container

  132. O’Hara, K., Tuffield, M. M., & Shadbolt, N. (2009). Lifelogging: Privacy and empowerment with memories for life. Identity in the Information Society, 1(1), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12394-009-0008-4

    Cited in: Lifelogging

  133. PAOGA. (2014). Security is always excessive until it's not enough. https://web.archive.org/web/20161229195853/http://www.paoga.com/index.html

    Cited in: Digital safety box · Your AntiSocial Network

  134. Parasuraman, A. (2006). Modeling opportunities in service recovery and customer-managed interactions. Marketing Science, 25(6), 590–593. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40057195

    Cited in: Customer Managed Interactions

  135. Pawar, P., Parolia, N., Shinde, S., Edoh, T. O., & Singh, M. (2022). eHealthChain — a blockchain-based personal health information management system. Annals of Telecommunications, 77(1-2), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-021-00868-6

    Cited in: Personal health information management system (PHIMS)

  136. Perentis, C., Vescovi, M., Leonardi, C., Moiso, C., Musolesi, M., Pianesi, F., & Lepri, B. (2017). Anonymous or not? Understanding the factors affecting personal mobile data disclosure. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1701.08308

    Cited in: Privacy-Preserving Technologies

  137. Personal Data Ecosystem Consortium. (n.d.). Introduction to the Personal Data Ecosystem. http://pde.cc/introduction-to-the-personal-data-ecosystem/

    Cited in: Personal Data Analytics · Personal Data Bank · Personal Data Locker

  138. Peyret. (2016, February 21). The Forrester Wave: Data governance stewardship applications, Q1 2016. Forrester. https://www.forrester.com/report/the-forrester-wave-data- governance-stewardship-applications-q1-2016/RES117915

    Cited in: Data Stewards

  139. Pompeo, M. R. (2020, July 23). Communist China and the free world's future [Speech]. U.S. Department of State. https://2017-2021.state.gov/communist-china-and-the-free-worlds-future-2/ https://web.archive.org/web/20211216021219/https://2017-2021.state.gov/communist-china-and-the-free-worlds-future-2/index.html

    Cited in: Distrust and Verify

  140. Price, B., & Jaffe, D. (2014). Your customer rules!: Delivering the Me2B experiences that today’s customers demand. Jossey-Bass.

    Cited in: Me2B

  141. Project Danube. (2011, July 27). Three visions. https://web.archive.org/web/20110727190446/http://projectdanube.org/three-visions

    Cited in: Personal Applications

  142. Project Nori. (2011, April 23). Ecosystem. https://web.archive.org/web/20110423162031/http://www.projectnori.org/about/ecosyste m

    Cited in: Federated Social Web

  143. Reagan, R. (1987, December 8). Remarks on signing the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty [Speech transcript]. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library & Museum. https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/120887c

    Cited in: Distrust and Verify · Trust, but Verify

  144. Reed, D. (2010a). Out with “personal data store”, in with “personal data service.” Equals Drummond. https://equalsdrummond.name/2010/10/03/out-with-personal-data-store-in- with-personal-data-service

    Cited in: Personal Data Service · Personal Data Store

  145. Reed, D. (2010b). Revision: “Personal data service” and “personal data store” go together. Equals Drummond. https://equalsdrummond.name/2010/10/06/revision-personal-data- service-and-personal-data-store

    Cited in: Personal Data Server · Personal Data Service

  146. Reppel, A., & Szmigin, I. (2010). Consumer-managed profiling: A contemporary interpretation of privacy in buyer-seller interactions. Journal of Marketing Management, 26(3-4), 321– 342. https://doi.org/10.1080/02672570903566383

    Cited in: Customer Managed Profiling System

  147. Searls, D. (2012). The intention economy: When customers take charge. Harvard Business Review Press.

    Cited in: Intention Economy

  148. Seong, S.-W., Seo, J., Nasielski, M., Sengupta, D., Hangal, S., Keat, S., Ruven, T., Ben, C., Monica, D., & Lam, S. (2010). PrPl: A decentralized social networking infrastructure: Social networks and beyond (MCS). MCS ’10: Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing & Services, 1–8, Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1145/1810931.1810939

    Cited in: Personal Cloud Butler

  149. Shah, A., South, T., Evans, T., Kirk, H. R., Pei, J., Trask, A., Weyl, E. G., et al. (n.d.). Robust AI personalization controls: The Human Context Protocol. Stanford Digital Economy Lab. https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/project/loyal-agents/hcp-human-context-protocol/

    Cited in: Human Context Protocol (HCP)

  150. Shilton, K., Burke, J.A., Estrin, D., Hansen, M., Kang, J., & Mun, M. (2009) Designing the personal data stream: Enabling participatory privacy in mobile personal sensing. Proceedings of the 37th Research Conference on Communications, Information and Internet Policy (TPRC), 25–27. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1356&context=esence

    Cited in: Personal Data Stream

  151. Shipman, F. M., III, & Marshall, C. C. (1999). Formality considered harmful: Experiences, emerging themes, and directions on the use of formal representations in interactive systems. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 8(4), 333–352. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008716330212

    Cited in: The 5Cs of Knowledge Management™

  152. Siegel, D. (2010). Pull: The power of the semantic web to transform your business. Portfolio.

    Cited in: What is a personal data store? · Personal Data Lockbox

  153. Smith, J. (2024, March 7). From digital wallets and data stores, to sovereign agents and personal AI . . . what does empowerment tech really mean? Customer Futures. https://www.customerfutures.com/p/from-digital-wallets-and-data-stores

    Cited in: Empowerment Tech

  154. Smith, J., Deakins, S., & Lampinen, M., Mobile Ecosystem Forum (2024, May 21). Empowering the individual: PIMS & personal AI [Video]. YouTube. https://mobileecosystemforum.com/mef-connects-id-data-2024/#ai

    Cited in: Empowerment Tech

  155. Solove, D. J. (2013, May 20). Introduction: Privacy self-management and the consent dilemma. Harvard Law Review, 126(7), 1880–1903. https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol- 126/introduction-privacy-self-management-and-the-consent-dilemma

    Cited in: Privacy Self-Management

  156. Solove, D. J. (2021) The myth of the privacy paradox. George Washington Law Review 89(1), 1–51. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3536265

    Cited in: Privacy Self-Management

  157. Sovrin Guardianship Working Group. (2023, April). On guardianship in self-sovereign identity [White Paper]. Sovrin Foundation. https://sovrin.org/wp-content/uploads/Guardianship- Whitepaper-V2.pdf

    Cited in: Digital Guardianship

  158. Spicer, A. (2015, January 20). What is the "internet" of me? World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/01/what-is-the-internet-of-me/

    Cited in: Internet of Me

  159. Sporny, M., & Longley, (2017, August 3). Verifiable claims data model and representations. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-verifiable- claims-data-model-20170803/

    Cited in: Verified Claims

  160. Sporny, M., & Longley, (2019, February 8). Verifiable credentials data model 1.0. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/WD-verifiable-claims-data- model-20190208/

    Cited in: Verified Credentials

  161. Sporny, M., & Trider, D. (Eds.). (2022). Encrypted data vaults v0.1. Decentralized Identity Foundation. https://identity.foundation/edv-spec

    Cited in: Encrypted Data Vaults

  162. Stanford Digital Economy Lab. (2026, March 16). The future of personal AI: Portable and persistent personal memory through a unified Human Context Protocol [Report]. https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/publication/the-future-of-personal-ai-portable-and-persistent-personal-memory-through-a-unified-human-context-protocol/

    Cited in: Human Context Protocol (HCP) · Portable Memory

  163. Stanford Digital Economy Lab. (n.d.-a). Human Context Protocol (HCP) [Research project]. https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/project/loyal-agents/hcp-human-context-protocol/

    Cited in: Human Context Protocol (HCP)

  164. Stanford Digital Economy Lab. (n.d.-b). Portable memory [Research project]. https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/project/portable-memory/

    Cited in: Portable Memory

  165. The Economist. (2017b). The world’s most valuable resource is no longer oil, but data. https://www.economist.com/leaders/2017/05/06/the-worlds-most-valuable-resource-is- no-longer-oil-but-data

    Cited in: The new oil

  166. Thomas, J. (2019, April 15). Death by PowerPoint: The slide that killed seven people. McDreeamie-Musings. https://mcdreeamiemusings.com/blog/2019/4/13/gsux1h6bnt8lqjd7w2t2mtvfg81uhx

    Cited in: The 5Cs of Knowledge Management™

  167. Trevithick, P. (2010a). Higgins active clients and personal data stores v2. Slideshare. https://www.slideshare.net/ptrevithick/higgins-active-clients-and-personal-data-stores-v2

    Cited in: Personal Data Service · Personal Data Store

  168. Tuerk, A. (2013, April 22). Plan your digital afterlife with Inactive Account Manager. Google Public Policy Blog. https://publicpolicy.googleblog.com/2013/04/plan-your-digital- afterlife-with.html

    Cited in: Digital afterlife

  169. Verhulst, S. G. (2015, April 22). Data collaboratives: exchanging data to improve people’s lives. Medium. https://sverhulst.medium.com/data-collaboratives-exchanging-data-to-improve- people-s-lives-d0fcfc1bdd9a

    Cited in: Data Collaborative

  170. Verhulst, S. G. (2023). Operationalizing digital self-determination. Data & Policy, 5, Article e14. https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2023.11

    Cited in: Digital Self-Determination

  171. Vescovi, M., Lepri, B., Perentis, C., Moiso, C., & Chiara, L. (2014). My data store: Toward user awareness and control on personal data. UbiComp '14 Adjunct, 179–182. http://ubicomp.org/ubicomp2014/proceedings/ubicomp_adjunct/posters/p179- vescovi.pdf

    Cited in: My Data Store · Personal Data Store

  172. Vizard, M., & Searls, D. (2006, September 1). VRM gang part I. [Podcast episode]. Project VRM. https://cyber.harvard.edu/projectvrm/VRM_discussion_in_podcasts (follow-on URLs no longer active)

    Cited in: Vendor Relationship Management Tool

  173. W3C. (2022). Decentralized identifiers (DIDs) v1.0 [W3C Recommendation]. https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem

  174. W3C. (2025). Verifiable credentials data model v2.0 [W3C Recommendation]. https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem

  175. Wang, J., & Wang, Z. (2014). A survey on personal data cloud. The Scientific World Journal, Article 969150. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/969150

    Cited in: Personal Data Cloud

  176. Ware, W. (1973, June 30). Records, computers and the rights of citizens [Transmittal Letter to

    Cited in: Ombudsman

  177. Warren, S. D., & Brandeis, L. (1890). The right to privacy. Harvard Law Review, 4(5), 193–220. https://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.805/articles/privacy/Privacy_brand_warr2.html

    Cited in: Right to privacy

  178. Watson, R. (2003). Customer-managed interactions. https://web.archive.org/web/20050515123935/http://www.terry.uga.edu/~rwatson/mist7700/cmi. pdf

    Cited in: Customer Managed Interactions

  179. Watson, R. (2004). I am my own database. Harvard Business Review, 18–19+ 146. https://store.hbr.org/product/i-am-my-own-database/F0411A

    Cited in: Customer Managed Interactions

  180. Watson, R., Piccoli, G., Brohman, K.M., Parasuraman, A. (2005). Customer-managed interactions: A new paradigm for firm customer relationships. MIS Quarterly Executive 4(2), 319–327. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard-Watson- 16/publication/220500602_Customer-Managed_Interactions_A_New_Paradigm_for_Firm- Customer_Relationships/links/565ecf5108aeafc2aac91897/Customer-Managed- Interactions-A-New-Paradigm-for-Firm-Customer-Relatio

    Cited in: Customer Managed Interactions

  181. Weiser, Mark (1991). The computer for the 21st Century. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review 3(3), 3–11. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1145/329124.329126

    Cited in: Ubiquitous computing (Ubicomp) tools

  182. Westin, A. F. (1967). Privacy and freedom. Atheneum.

    Cited in: Privacy

  183. Wilkinson, S. (2014). Storj | A peer-to-peer cloud storage network. Storj.io https://www.storj.io/storj2014.pdf

    Cited in: Peer-To-Peer Cloud Storage Network

  184. Willison, S. (Host) (2020). Personal data warehouses: Reclaiming your data [Video]. YouTube. OCTO Speaker Series #4 Simon Willison. GitHub. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1EFThsAFgs

    Cited in: Personal Data Warehouses

  185. Windley, P. (2022, December 16). Wallets and agents. Technometria. https://www.windley.com/archives/2022/12/wallets_and_agents.shtml

    Cited in: Agents

  186. Wolf, G. (2010). The quantified self [Video]. TED Conference. https://www.ted.com/talks/gary_wolf_the_quantified_self?language=en&subtitle=en

    Cited in: Quantified Self

  187. World Economic Forum. (2011). Personal data: The emergence of a new asset class. http://www.weforum.org/reports/personal-data-emergence-new-asset-class

    Cited in: Personal Data: A New Asset Class

  188. Yeung, P., & Sandström, H. (2004). Method for control of personal data (International Publication No. WO 2004/072885 A1). World Intellectual Property Organization. https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2004072885A1/en

    Cited in: What is a personal data store? · Personal Data Lockbox

  189. Zannier, F. (2013, October 28). A bite of me. Kickstarter. https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1461902402/a-bit-e-of-me

    Cited in: A Bite of Me

  190. Zuboff, S. (2015). Big other: Surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information civilization. Journal of Information Technology, 30(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.5

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem

  191. Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.

    Cited in: The Personal Data Ecosystem